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AIM: To investigate the preventive effect and optimal drug dose of lipoic acid-niacin(N2L)against blue light-induced retinal damage in SD rats, and to explore its possible protective mechanism.METHODS: A total of 36 specific pathogen free-grade male SD rats of 150-200 g were selected and randomly divided into normal control group, blue light injury group, N2L low-dose group(1.0 mg/kg), N2L medium-dose group(2.5 mg/kg), N2L high-dose group(5.0 mg/kg), and physiological saline group, with 6 rats in each group. The normal control group was reared in a 12 h dark and light cycle, and the rest of the groups received 9 h of daily light exposure, 3 h of blue light irradiation with a wavelength of 455 nm and an intensity of 3000±50 lx, and 12 h of darkness to establish the injury model, and were exposed to light exposure for 14 d. For 14 consecutive durations, a 1 mL dose of the corresponding drug was injected intraperitoneally. The rats were reared for another 5 d with a regular 12 h light-dark cycle and were examined by electroretinography. Specimens were prepared by over anesthesia, HE staining, and the thickness of the outer nuclear layer was observed under a optical microscope; superoxide dismutases(SOD)activity was detected by CheKineTM SOD Activity Assay Kit; and the retinal Caspase-3, quinone oxidoreductase 1(NQO1), glutathione S transferase(GST), Bcl-2, and Bax protein expression in rat retina were detected by Western blot.RESULTS: The amplitude of b-wave in dark-vision ERG 3.0 and 10.0(cd·s)/m2 stimulated light, b-wave in bright-vision ERG 3.0(cd·s)/m2 stimulated light, and the amplitude of the 2nd wave peak of oscillatory potential were significantly lower in blue light injury group than that in the normal control group(all P<0.01), while the amplitude was significantly higher in the N2L medium-dose group than in the blue light injury group(all P<0.05), and was not statistically different from that of the normal control group; the thickness of the retina in the blue light injury group was decreased in the ONL compared with that of the normal control group(P<0.001), while in the N2L medium dose group, it was thicker than that of the blue light injury group(P<0.001), and there was no statistically significant difference from the normal control group; SOD activity was significantly higher in the N2L medium-dose group than in the remaining 5 groups(P<0.05); the expression of Caspase-3, Bax, and NQO1 in the blue light injury group was higher than that of the normal control group(all P<0.01), and expression of Bax and Caspase-3 was significantly lower in the N2L medium-dose group compared with the blue light injury group(all P<0.001), whereas GST, NQO1 and Bcl-2 were significantly increased(all P<0.01).CONCLUSION:A concentration of 2.5 mg/kg N2L can effectively antagonize the damaging effect of blue light on the retina of SD rats, and it is expected to be a preventive and curative drug for it.
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Objective:To observe the effects of blue light intervention on the development of optical defocus-induced myopia in guinea pigs and investigate its underlying mechanisms.Methods:Forty-eight normal-grade two-week-old tricolor guinea pigs were randomly divided into a blue light group and a white light group, with 24 animals in each group.The right eye of guinea pigs was fitted with a -5.00 D lens to establish an optical defocus model as the experimental eye, while the left eye served as the control without any covering.Before the experiment and after 8-week intervention, the refractive power of guinea pigs was measured by streak retinoscopy.The anterior chamber depth, lens thickness, and axial length were measured by A-scan ultrasonography.Corneal curvature radius was determined using a keratometer.After 8-week intervention, the guinea pigs were euthanized through overanesthesia, and the right eyeballs were enucleated and the retinas were isolated.The density of S and M cone cells of the guinea pig retinal sections were observed via immunofluorescence staining.The expression of retinal retinoic acid was assessed by high-performance liquid chromatography.The expressions of retinoic acid receptor (RAR-β) in the retina and matrix metalloproteinase-2 (MMP-2), tissue inhibitor of metalloproteinase-2 (TIMP-2), and type Ⅰ collagen in the sclera were detected by real-time fluorescence quantitative PCR.Changes in scleral thickness were observed through hematoxylin-eosin staining.The use and care of the animals complied with Regulations for the Administration of Affair Concerning Experimental Animals by State Science and Technology Commission.The study protocol was approved by the Ethics Committee of Eye and ENT Hospital of Fudan University (No.2022ETKLD10032).Results:After 8 weeks of intervention, guinea pigs in the blue light group showed (0.63±0.12)D of relative hyperopia and a deceleration of axial elongation by (0.08±0.00)mm compared with the white light group in the right eye.In the left eye, guinea pigs in the blue light group showed (0.42±0.09)D of relative hyperopia and a deceleration of axial elongation by (0.08±0.00)mm compared with the white light group.The guinea pigs in blue light group showed (1.52±0.09)D of myopia in the right eye compared with the left eye, with an increase in axial elongation of (0.06±0.00)mm.The guinea pigs in white light group showed (1.66±0.07)D of myopia in the right eye compared with the left eye, with an increase in axial elongation of (0.13±0.00)mm, and the differences were statistically significant (all at P<0.05). The density of M cone cells was lower and density of S cone cells was higher in the blue light group in the dorsal and ventral sides of the retinal sections compared with the white light group, showing statistically significant differences ( t=32.33, 52.23, 42.09, 25.02; all at P<0.05). The deceleration of myopia progression in the blue light group was strongly positively correlated with the increase in S cone cell density on the ventral side ( r=0.95, P<0.01). The expression levels of retinoic acid, RAR-β, and MMP-2 were decreased, and expression levels of TIMP-2 and type Ⅰ collagen were increased in blue light group compared with the white light group, showing statistically significant differences ( t=18.73, 7.45, 3.72, 6.19, 9.03; all at P<0.05). The scleral thickness in the blue light group was (125.0±7.8)μm, which was significantly thicker than (102.0±6.3)μm in the white light group ( t=26.93, P<0.05). Conclusions:Blue light intervention can inhibit the progression of defocus-induced myopia in guinea pigs.Refractive power changes in guinea pigs may be influenced by alterations in retinal cone cell density, retinoic acid expression, and scleral collagen expression.
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AIM: To investigate the occurrence and possible mechanism of blue light-induced ferroptosis in retinal pigment epithelial cells.METHODS: ARPE-19 cells cultured in vitro were irradiated by 405 nm blue light at 50 mW/cm2 irradiance with different duration and were divided into control, 16.3J/cm2, 32.6J/cm2, and 65.2J/cm2 groups; the 65.2J/cm2 group was defined as the high-level blue light irradiation group and cells were further divided into control, high-level blue light irradiation group and high-level blue light irradiation + ferroptosis inhibitor group. CCK-8 assay was used to detect cell viability, commercial kits were used to detect intracellular glutathione(GSH), ferrous iron and malondialdehyde(MDA)concentration, and Western blot was used to detect the relative expression of glutathione peroxidase 4(GPX4)and xCT proteins in cells.RESULTS: The decrease of ARPE-19 cell viability caused by blue light irradiation was dose-dependent, and the reduction of intracellular GSH concentration, the increase of ferrous iron concentration and MDA concentration were all caused by high-level blue light irradiation(all P&#x003C;0.05); the ferroptosis inhibitor partially restored cell viability and recovered intracellular GSH, reduced concentrations of MDA and ferrous iron in the blue light irradiation group(all P&#x003C;0.05). The relative expressions of GPX4 and xCT proteins were significantly decreased in the blue light irradiation group, and such change was alleviated by the ferroptosis inhibitor(P&#x003C;0.05).CONCLUSION: Blue light irradiation may induce ferroptosis in RPE cells by targeting the xCT and GPX4-associated antioxidant pathways.
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With the development of high technology, people spend more and more time on screens. Most screens contain a lot of blue light. As one of the important components of visible light, blue light has high energy. It may lead to many ocular diseases, such as myopia, cataract, dry eye, glaucoma and keratitis when eyes exposure to blue light for a long time. At present, the harm of blue light and how to prevent blue light have become a hot topic. Its mechanism mainly includes increasing the photosensitivity of lipofuscin, destroying the mitochondria, lysosome, lens and tear film. According to the mechanism of blue light damage, physical protective measures can be adopted. And the antioxidant, free radical scavengers, anti-inflammatory drugs and gene therapy can be used to protect eye tissue. This paper mainly summarizes the harmful mechanism of blue light to eye and the corresponding prevention and treatment measures.
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The aim of this study was to develop a technical system for high-efficient production of fucoxanthin by photo-fermentation of Phaeodactylum tricornutum. In a 5 L photo-fermentation tank, the effects of initial light intensity, nitrogen source and concentration as well as light quality on biomass concentration and fucoxanthin accumulation in P. tricornutum were investigated systematically under mixotrophic condition. The results showed that the biomass concentration, fucoxanthin content and productivity reached the highest level of 3.80 g/L, 13.44 mg/g and 4.70 mg/(L·d) under the optimal conditions of initial light intensity of 100 μmol/(m2·s), 0.02 mol TN/L of tryptone: urea (1:1, N mol/N mol) as mixed nitrogen source, and a mixed red/blue (R: B=6:1) light, 1.41, 1.33 and 2.05-fold higher than that before optimization, respectively. This study developed a key technology for enhancing the production of fucoxanthin by photo-fermentation of P. tricornutum, facilitating the development of marine natural products.
Subject(s)
Fermentation , Xanthophylls , Light , Diatoms , NitrogenABSTRACT
AIM: To observe the structural and functional changes of retinal tissue in rats after different duration of intense blue light irradiation.METHODS: A total of 48 healthy 8-week-old SD male rats were selected and randomly divided into the control group(n=12)and 3, 6 and 12h experimental groups(n=36). The rats in the control group received natural light, and the rats in the experimental groups received blue light with a wavelength of 465±5nm and the illumination of 1000±100lx for 3, 6, and 12h each day. Optical coherence tomography(OCT), fundus fluorescein angiography(FFA)and haematoxylin-eosin(HE)staining of paraffin pathological section were used to observe the changes of the retinal thickness, retinal tissue structure and the function in different directions and layers.RESULTS: The OCT results showed that the retinal thickness in the superior, inferior, nasal, and temporal sides of rats in different groups was statistically significant(P&#x003C;0.05), and there was no statistical significant difference between the control group and the 3h experimental group in the total retinal thickness(P&#x003E;0.05), while the differences between any other two groups were statistically significant(P&#x003C;0.05); The mean total retinal thickness, internal limiting membrane(ILM)-inner nuclear layer(INL)thickness, outer plexiform layer(OPL)-outer segment(OS)thickness and retinal pigment epithelium(RPE)of rats in each group were statistically significant(P&#x003C;0.05), and the mean total retinal thickness and OPL-OS thickness were statistically significant between any two groups(P&#x003C;0.05). The ILM-INL thickness of rats in the control group and 3 and 12h experimental groups was statistically significant(P&#x003C;0.05), and the thickness of RPE layer in the 12h experimental group was statistically different from that of the 3 and 6h experimental groups(P&#x003C;0.05). FFA results showed that there was no obvious fluorescence leakage in the fundus of rats in the control group and the 3h experimental group, while there was obvious fluorescence leakage and hyperfluorescence in the retina of the 6 and 12h experimental groups, and the background fluorescence of choroid was enhanced. HE staining showed the atrophy and apoptosis of cells in the optic cell layer, and some lightly stained nucleus. In addition, RPE layer showed atrophy and thinned with the increase of light time, and there was significant difference in the number of the optic cells between the control group and experimental group(P&#x003C;0.05).CONCLUSION: The intense blue light irradiation could cause thinning of the retina in rats, with varying degrees of thinning in different layers of the retina. It could also led to decrease and even disappearance of the number of cells in the visual cell layer, the focal atrophy of the RPE layer, and the change of vascular permeability. With the extension of the light time, the structural and functional changes in retinal tissue became more obvious.
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Objective@#To describe a makeshift blue light filter for endoscopic visualization of a traumatic cerebrospinal fluid leak repair using intrathecal fluorescein and its application in one patient.@*Methods@# Study Design:Surgical Instrumentation Setting:Tertiary Government Training Hospital Patient:One @*Results@#Intra-operative endoscopic identification of fistulae sites was achieved using intrathecal injection of fluorescein that fluoresced using our makeshift blue light filter in a 43-year-old man who presented with a 3-month history of rhinorrhea due to skull base fractures along with multiple facial and upper extremity fractures he sustained after a fall from a standing height of 6 feet. He underwent transnasal endoscopic repair of cerebrospinal fluid fistulae in the planum sphenoidale, clivus and sellar floor. Post-operatively, there was complete resolution of rhinorrhea with no complications noted. @*Conclusion@#Our makeshift blue light filter made from readily available materials may be useful for endoscopic identification of CSF leaks using fluorescein in a low- to middle-income country setting like ours.
Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Skull Fracture, Basilar , Cranial Fossa, PosteriorABSTRACT
The ability of pathogenic bacteria acquire resistance to the existing antibiotics has long been considered a dangerous health risk threat. Currently, the use of visible light has been considered a new approach to treat bacterial infections as an alternative to antibiotics. Herein, we investigated the antimicrobial effect of two range of visible light, blue and red, on Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, two pathogenic bacterial commonly found in healthcare settings-acquired infections and responsible for high rate of morbidity and mortality. Bacterial cultures were exposed to blue or red light (470 nm and 660 nm) provided by light-emitting diodes - LED. The fluencies and irradiance used for blue and red light were 284.90 J/cm2, 13.19 mW/cm2 and 603.44 J/cm2, 27.93 mW/cm2 respectively. Different experimental approaches were used to determine the optimal conditions of light application. Only exposure to blue light for 6 hours was able to inhibit about 75% in vitro growth of both bacterial species after 24 hours. The surviving exposed bacteria formed colonies significantly smaller than controls, however, these bacteria were able to resume growth after 48 hours. Blue light was able to inhibit bacterial growth upon inoculation in both saline solution and BHI culture medium. We can conclude that blue light, but not red light, is capable of temporarily retarding the growth of gram negative and gram positive bacteria.
A capacidade das bactérias patogênicas adquirirem resistência aos antibióticos existentes há muito tempo é considerada uma ameaça perigosa à saúde. Atualmente, o uso da luz visível tem sido considerado uma nova abordagem no tratamento de infecções bacterianas como alternativa aos antibióticos. Neste trabalho, investigamos o efeito antimicrobiano de duas faixas de luz visível, azul e vermelha, em Staphylococcus aureus e Pseudomonas aeruginosa, duas bactérias patogênicas comumente encontradas em infecções adquiridas em instituições de saúde e responsáveis por alta taxa de morbimortalidade. As culturas bacterianas foram expostas à luz azul ou vermelha (470 nm e 660 nm) fornecida por diodos emissores de luz - LED. As fluências e irradiâncias utilizadas para luz azul e vermelha foram 284,90 J/cm2, 13,19 mW/cm2 e 603,44 J/cm2, 27,93 mW/cm2, respectivamente. Várias abordagens experimentais foram utilizadas para determinar as condições ótimas de aplicação da luz. Apenas a exposição à luz azul por 6 horas foi capaz de inibir cerca de 75% o crescimento in vitro de ambas as espécies bacterianas após 24 horas. As bactérias expostas sobreviventes formaram colônias com um tamanho significativamente menor do que os controles, contudo, essas bactérias conseguiram retomar o crescimento normal após 48 horas. A luz azul foi capaz de inibir o crescimento das bactérias após sua inoculação em solução salina ou no meio de cultura rico em nutrientes BHI. Podemos concluir que a luz azul mas não a luz vermelha é capaz de retardar temporariamente o crescimento de bactérias Gram-negativas e Gram-positivas.
Subject(s)
Humans , Staphylococcal Infections , Staphylococcus aureus , Pseudomonas aeruginosa , Light , Anti-Bacterial AgentsABSTRACT
The ability of pathogenic bacteria acquire resistance to the existing antibiotics has long been considered a dangerous health risk threat. Currently, the use of visible light has been considered a new approach to treat bacterial infections as an alternative to antibiotics. Herein, we investigated the antimicrobial effect of two range of visible light, blue and red, on Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, two pathogenic bacterial commonly found in healthcare settings-acquired infections and responsible for high rate of morbidity and mortality. Bacterial cultures were exposed to blue or red light (470 nm and 660 nm) provided by light-emitting diodes - LED. The fluencies and irradiance used for blue and red light were 284.90 J/cm², 13.19 mW/cm² and 603.44 J/cm², 27.93 mW/cm² respectively. Different experimental approaches were used to determine the optimal conditions of light application. Only exposure to blue light for 6 hours was able to inhibit about 75% in vitro growth of both bacterial species after 24 hours. The surviving exposed bacteria formed colonies significantly smaller than controls, however, these bacteria were able to resume growth after 48 hours. Blue light was able to inhibit bacterial growth upon inoculation in both saline solution and BHI culture medium. We can conclude that blue light, but not red light, is capable of temporarily retarding the growth of gram negative and gram positive bacteria.
A capacidade das bactérias patogênicas adquirirem resistência aos antibióticos existentes há muito tempo é considerada uma ameaça perigosa à saúde. Atualmente, o uso da luz visível tem sido considerado uma nova abordagem no tratamento de infecções bacterianas como alternativa aos antibióticos. Neste trabalho, investigamos o efeito antimicrobiano de duas faixas de luz visível, azul e vermelha, em Staphylococcus aureus e Pseudomonas aeruginosa, duas bactérias patogênicas comumente encontradas em infecções adquiridas em instituições de saúde e responsáveis por alta taxa de morbimortalidade. As culturas bacterianas foram expostas à luz azul ou vermelha(470 nm e 660 nm) fornecida por diodos emissores de luz - LED. As fluências e irradiâncias utilizadas para luz azule vermelha foram 284,90 J/cm², 13,19 mW/cm² e 603,44 J/cm², 27,93 mW/cm², respectivamente. Várias abordagens experimentais foram utilizadas para determinar as condições ótimas de aplicação da luz. Apenas a exposição à luz azul por 6 horas foi capaz de inibir cerca de 75% o crescimento in vitro de ambas as espécies bacterianas após24 horas. As bactérias expostas sobreviventes formaram colônias com um tamanho significativamente menor do que os controles, contudo, essas bactérias conseguiram retomar o crescimento normal após 48 horas. A luz azul foi capaz de inibir o crescimento das bactérias após sua inoculação em solução salina ou no meio de cultura rico em nutrientes BHI. Podemos concluir que a luz azul mas não a luz vermelha é capaz de retardar temporariamente o crescimento de bactérias Gram-negativas e Gram-positivas.
Subject(s)
Gram-Negative Bacterial Infections/prevention & control , Gram-Positive Bacterial Infections/prevention & control , Products with Antimicrobial Action , Electromagnetic RadiationABSTRACT
Abstract The ability of pathogenic bacteria acquire resistance to the existing antibiotics has long been considered a dangerous health risk threat. Currently, the use of visible light has been considered a new approach to treat bacterial infections as an alternative to antibiotics. Herein, we investigated the antimicrobial effect of two range of visible light, blue and red, on Staphylococcus aureus and Pseudomonas aeruginosa, two pathogenic bacterial commonly found in healthcare settings-acquired infections and responsible for high rate of morbidity and mortality. Bacterial cultures were exposed to blue or red light (470 nm and 660 nm) provided by light-emitting diodes - LED. The fluencies and irradiance used for blue and red light were 284.90 J/cm2, 13.19 mW/cm2 and 603.44 J/cm2, 27.93 mW/cm2 respectively. Different experimental approaches were used to determine the optimal conditions of light application. Only exposure to blue light for 6 hours was able to inhibit about 75% in vitro growth of both bacterial species after 24 hours. The surviving exposed bacteria formed colonies significantly smaller than controls, however, these bacteria were able to resume growth after 48 hours. Blue light was able to inhibit bacterial growth upon inoculation in both saline solution and BHI culture medium. We can conclude that blue light, but not red light, is capable of temporarily retarding the growth of gram negative and gram positive bacteria.
Resumo A capacidade das bactérias patogênicas adquirirem resistência aos antibióticos existentes há muito tempo é considerada uma ameaça perigosa à saúde. Atualmente, o uso da luz visível tem sido considerado uma nova abordagem no tratamento de infecções bacterianas como alternativa aos antibióticos. Neste trabalho, investigamos o efeito antimicrobiano de duas faixas de luz visível, azul e vermelha, em Staphylococcus aureus e Pseudomonas aeruginosa, duas bactérias patogênicas comumente encontradas em infecções adquiridas em instituições de saúde e responsáveis por alta taxa de morbimortalidade. As culturas bacterianas foram expostas à luz azul ou vermelha (470 nm e 660 nm) fornecida por diodos emissores de luz - LED. As fluências e irradiâncias utilizadas para luz azul e vermelha foram 284,90 J/cm2, 13,19 mW/cm2 e 603,44 J/cm2, 27,93 mW/cm2, respectivamente. Várias abordagens experimentais foram utilizadas para determinar as condições ótimas de aplicação da luz. Apenas a exposição à luz azul por 6 horas foi capaz de inibir cerca de 75% o crescimento in vitro de ambas as espécies bacterianas após 24 horas. As bactérias expostas sobreviventes formaram colônias com um tamanho significativamente menor do que os controles, contudo, essas bactérias conseguiram retomar o crescimento normal após 48 horas. A luz azul foi capaz de inibir o crescimento das bactérias após sua inoculação em solução salina ou no meio de cultura rico em nutrientes BHI. Podemos concluir que a luz azul mas não a luz vermelha é capaz de retardar temporariamente o crescimento de bactérias Gram-negativas e Gram-positivas.
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@#AIM:To study the effect of vitamin E on the injury of human retinal pigment epithelial(hRPE)cells induced by high-dose blue light, and provide experimental evidence for intercepting blue light damaged hRPE cells. <p>METHODS: The hRPE cell injury model was established with 3000±150Lx blue light. The apoptosis rate and reactive oxygen species(ROS)of the six groups of hRPE cells were detected by flow cytometry at 0, 3, 6, 9, 12 and 24h respectively. Apoptosis and ROS in hRPE cells were detected by cytometry in 0h-irradiation group, 6h-irradiation group, and vitamin E added groups(vitamin E concentration 10, 50, 100μmol/L)before or after 6h-irradiation. The fluorescence intensity of hRPE cells was observed under a fluorescence microscope using Hoechst 33258 staining reagent.<p>RESULTS: Compared with the 0h-irradiation group, the relative amount of reactive oxygen species increased significantly in 3, 6, 9, 12 and 24h groups(all <i>P</i><0.01), the apoptosis rate of hRPE cells increased significantly in 6, 9, 12 and 24h groups(all <i>P</i><0.01), the apoptosis rate of the 3h-irradiation group was not statistically significantly increased(<i>P</i>=0.46). Compared with the 6h-irradiation group, the relative amounts of ROS and apoptotic rate of the six groups of hRPE cells added vitamin E were significantly decreased, and the blue fluorescence of Hoechst 33258 released in the cells gradually decreased, which was concentration dependent(all <i>P</i><0.01),except for apoptosis rate of hRPE cells in the 10 μmol/L vitamin E group before irradiation(<i>P</i>=0.66). Compared with the 0h-irradiation group, the difference in the relative amount of ROS and apoptosis rate of hRPE cells in added groups were statistically significant(all <i>P</i><0.01). At the same concentration of vitamin E, the relative amount of ROS and apoptosis rate of hRPE cells added vitamin E after irradiation were significantly lower than those added vitamin E before irradiation(all <i>P</i><0.01), except for apoptosis rate of hRPE cells in the 10 μmol/L vitamin E group, which had no difference between added before and after irradiation(<i>P</i>=0.08).<p>CONCLUSION: After hRPE cells had been irradiated by blue light, the increase in the relative amount of intracellular ROS was earlier than that of apoptosis. Elimination of intracellular ROS is the idea of intercepting high doses of blue light induced hRPE cell injury. Vitamin E protects RPE cell against damage induced by high doses of blue light, and the effect becomes stronger as the concentration of vitamin E increases, which is better when added after irradiating. However, it doesn't take effect until the concentration reaches a certain level. And the damage can't be completely repaired.
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AIM:To investigate whether ceramide kinase-like protein(CERKL)alleviates oxidative stress injury of retinal pigment epithelial(RPE)cells induced by blue light via activating the silent information regulator 1(SIRT1)/E2F transcription factor 1(E2F1)axis. METHODS:Cultured human retinal pigment epithelial-19(ARPE-19)cells were irradiated with blue light to observe the morphological changes, and the expression of CERKL was detected by PCR and Western blot. ARPE-19 cells were transfected with siRNA-CERKL and pcDNA3.1-CERKL respectively. After exposure to blue light, cell viability was determined by MTT assay, apoptosis was detected by TUNEL assay, content of oxidative stress markers and the expression of SIRT1/E2F1 axis was analyzed. Then siRNA-SIRT1 was transfected into ARPE-19 cells, and the oxidative stress damage of ARPE-19 cells under blue light irradiation was detected again.RESULTS:ARPE-19 cells gradually contracted into spheres and appeared vacuoles after exposure to blue light. Blue light irradiation led to the increase of CERKL expression level(P<0.05), meanwhile, the rate of cell viability was decreased(P<0.05), the rate of the apoptosis was increased(P<0.05), contents of reactive oxygen species, malondialdehyde and 8-hydroxydeoxyguanosine were increased(P<0.05). Silence of CERKL aggravated this phenomenon, while up-regulation of CERKL could alleviate this change(P<0.05). Up-regulation of CERKL also activated the expression of SIRT1 and promoted the deacetylation of E2F1(P<0.05). Silencing SIRT1 could reverse the alleviating effect of up-regulating CERKL on oxidative stress injury of ARPE-19 cells induced by blue light(P<0.05). CONCLUSION: CERKL can reduce oxidative stress damage of ARPE-19 cells induced by blue light via activating SIRT1 expression and promoting the deacetylation of E2F1.
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Objective To investigate the diagnostic value of blue light imaging-bright (BLI-bright) and linked color imaging (LCI) for early esophageal cancer (EEC).Methods:Data of 63 consecutive patients with EEC who underwent gastroscopy under BLI-bright, LCI and white-light imaging (WLI) and endoscopic submucosal dissection (ESD) from May 2018 to August 2020 at Fuding Hospital Affiliated to Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine were analyzed retrospectively in the cohort study. Subjective visibility analysis was performed by 6 endoscopists who were divided into 2 groups (expert group and trainee group) with 3 endoscopists in each group. The main observation index was the visibility score (ranking score, RS). The objective color difference (Δ E) between lesions of EEC and surrounding mucosa under 3 modes were analyzed by using the L *a *b * color space. Results:The overall RS of 6 endoscopists under WLI mode (2.57±0.81) was significantly lower than that under LCI (3.25±0.67) ( t=9.71, P<0.001) and BLI-bright (3.18±0.67) ( t=9.31, P<0.001). In the expert group, the RS of WLI (2.71±0.80) was significantly lower than that of LCI (3.33±0.66) ( t=7.16, P<0.001) and BLI-bright (3.42±0.62) ( t=8.09, P<0.001). In the trainee group, the RS of WLI (2.40±0.90) was also significantly lower than that of LCI (3.15±0.83) ( t=9.62, P<0.001) and BLI-bright (2.89±0.92) ( t=5.69, P<0.001), and the RS of LCI was higher than that of BLI-bright ( t=4.07, P<0.001). The Δ E between lesions of EEC and surrounding mucosa under WLI (11.52±3.40) was significantly lower than that under LCI (16.64±4.70) ( t=7.10, P<0.001) and BLI-bright (15.72±3.84) ( t=7.88, P<0.001). Conclusion:BLI-bright and LCI can effectively improve EEC visibility and color difference between EEC and surrounding mucosa. Furthermore, LCI is more conducive to the detection of EEC for the trainees.
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Objective:To evaluate the clinical application of LASEREO endoscopic system in early gastric cancer (EGC).Methods:A total of 68 patients diagnosed with EGC were retrospectively analyzed between August 2017 to December 2020 in Fuding Hospital Affiliated to Fujian University of Traditional Chinese Medicine. There were 50 males and 18 females finally enrolled with a median age of 64 years. EGCs were analyzed from subjective and objective aspect, as well as from magnification and non-magnification status. Six endoscopists evaluated the visibility of the EGC (RSC) and calculated the color difference (ΔEC) between EGC and the surrounding mucosa in white light imaging (WLI), blue light imaging-bright (BLI-Bri) and linked color imaging (LCI) modes. In the case of magnification (×80), the visibility of the microstructures and microvessels (RSV) was analyzed and the color difference (ΔEV) between microvessels and non-vessels areas were calculated in WLI, BLI and LCI modes. The visibility was evaluated using visibility ranking scale(RS) and the color difference (ΔE) was calculated using L*a*b* color space.Results:In WLI, BLI-Bri, and LCI modes, the mean (±SD) RSC were 2.56±0.68, 2.63±0.59 and 3.17±0.50, and the mean(±SD) ΔEC were 15.71±5.58, 12.04±3.73, and 22.84±8.46, respectively, which in LCI were higher than those in WLI and BLI-Bri modes ( P<0.001).Regarding the data evaluated by senior endoscopists, the RSC was higher in BLI-Bri than that in WLI mode (2.98±0.58 vs. 2.79±0.73, P<0.001), but as to those evaluated by junior endoscopists, there were no significant differences between the WLI and BLI-Bri modes(2.29±0.72 vs. 2.23±0.72,P =0.218).In magnifying endoscopy with WLI, BLI, and LCI modes, the mean(±SD) RSV were 2.95±0.28, 3.46±0.40, and 3.38±0.33, and the mean (±SD) ΔEV were 21.68±7.52, 44.29±10.94, and 45.38±14.29, respectively.The RSV and ΔEV in LCI and BLI were higher than that in WLI mode ( P<0.001). Conclusions:LCI improves the visibility of EGC by increasing ΔEC, especially in junior endoscopists. Both BLI and LCI improve the visibility of microstructures and microvessels under magnification.
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Objective:To investigate the clinical efficacy of multiple colostrum feedings in reducing the incidence of neonatal jaundice.Methods:We randomly selected 100 full-term neonates delivered in Xiaoshan Hospital from January 2018 to January 2019 and randomly allocated them into control and observation groups ( n = 50/group). The control group was administered colostrum < 4 times/day, and the observation group was administered colostrum > 12 times/day. The incidence of neonatal jaundice, the severity of jaundice, the duration of jaundice, serum bilirubin level 7 days after birth, and the satisfaction of neonatal close relatives were compared between the two groups. Results:Neonatal jaundice was significantly milder in the observation group than in the control group ( P < 0.05). The proportion of healthy neonates was significantly higher in the observation group than in the control group ( P < 0.05). The duration of jaundice was shorter in the observation group than in the control group [(2.10 ± 0.35) days vs. (4.25 ± 1.53) days, t = 8.66, P < 0.001]. There was a significant difference in serum bilirubin level 1-5 days after birth between the two groups (all P < 0.05). The satisfaction of the close relatives of neonates was significantly higher in the observation group than in the control group (96.00% vs. 84.00%, χ2 = 4.00, P = 0.045). All neonates with jaundice healed after multiple short-term blue light phototherapies and had no obvious adverse reactions. Conclusion:Multiple colostrum feedings can greatly reduce the incidence of neonatal jaundice, improve the satisfaction of the close relatives of neonates, play a positive role in promoting maternal and infant health, and thereby are worthy of popularization.
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Objective:To observe the efficacy of drug combined with red-blue light irradiation, chemical peeling by glycolic acid and intense pulsed light (IPL) in the treatment of moderate acne vulgaris.Methods:A total of 187 patients with moderate acne vulgaris were divided into five groups. There were 59 males and 128 females, aged from 16 to 29 years (21.79±2.52). In group A, patients were treated with oral medicines; the patients were treated with oral medicines combined with red-blue light irradiation, chemical peeling by glycolic acid and IPL respectively in group B, group C and group D. In group E, patients were treated with oral medicines combined with chemical peeling by glycolic acid and IPL. The number of different types of skin lesions (comedoes, papules, pustules) were compared between before and after treatment in five groups. The clinical effect of five treatment groups was evaluated by comparing regression rates of different types of skin lesions and total skin lesions and treatment efficiency.Results:All the patients with moderate acne vulgaris were brought into this study. The regression rates of comedoes, papules and total skin lesions were (86.37±9.64)%, (94.25±9.79)% and (88.80±9.40)% respectively in group E, and significantly higher than that of other four groups ( P<0.05). The treatment efficiency of group E also were significantly higher than that of other four groups ( P<0.05). Then, the regression rates of comedoes (70.91±18.52) in group C was significantly higher than that of group A and group B ( P<0.05). The regression rates of papules (91.42±13.86) in group D was significantly higher than that of group A and group B ( P<0.05). Conclusions:Oral medicines combined with chemical peeling by glycolic acid and IPL has obvious clinical efficacy in treatment of patients with moderate acne vulgaris. Oral medicines combined with chemical peeling by glycolic acid can obviously improve comedoes, and oral medicines combined with IPL can obviously improve papules.
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Antibiotic resistance is one of the greatest challenges to treat bacterial infections worldwide, leading to increase in medical expenses, prolonged hospital stay and increased mortality. The use of blue light has been suggested as an innovative alternative to overcome this problem. In this study we analyzed the antibacterial effect of blue light using low emission parameters on Staphylococcus aureus cultures. In vitro bacterial cultures were used in two experimental approaches. The first approach included single or fractionated blue light application provided by LED emitters (470 nm), with the following fluencies: 16.29, 27.16 and 54.32 J/cm2. For the second approach a power LED (470 nm) was used to deliver 54.32 J/cm2 fractionated in 3 applications. Our results demonstrated that bacterial cultures exposed to fractionated blue light radiation exhibited significantly smaller sizes colonies than the control group after 24 h incubation, however the affected bacteria were able to adapt and continue to proliferate after prolonged incubation time. We could conclude that the hypothetical clinical use of low fluencies of blue light as an antibacterial treatment is risky, since its action is not definitive and proves to be ineffective at least for the strain used in this study.
A resistência a antibióticos é um dos maiores desafios para o tratamento de infecções bacterianas em todo o mundo, levando ao aumento de despesas médicas, prolongamento da internação hospitalar e aumento da mortalidade. O uso da luz azul tem sido sugerido como uma alternativa inovadora para superar esse problema. Neste estudo, analisamos o efeito antibacteriano da luz azul usando parâmetros de baixa emissão em culturas de Staphylococcus aureus. Culturas bacterianas foram usadas em duas abordagens experimentais in vitro. A primeira abordagem incluiu o uso da aplicação única ou fracionada de luz azul fornecida por emissores de LED (470 nm), com as seguintes fluências: 16,29, 27,16 e 54,32 J/cm2. Para a segunda abordagem, um LED de potência (470 nm) foi usado para fornecer 54,32 J/cm2 fracionado em 3 aplicações. Nossos resultados demonstraram que as culturas bacterianas expostas à radiação de luz azul fracionada exibiram colônias de tamanhos significativamente menores do que o grupo controle após 24 h de incubação, no entanto, as bactérias afetadas foram capazes de se adaptar e continuar a proliferar após um tempo prolongado de incubação. Podemos concluir que o uso clínico hipotético de baixas fluências de luz azul como tratamento antibacteriano é arriscado, pois sua ação não é definitiva e mostra-se ineficaz, pelo menos para a cepa utilizada neste estudo.
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Humans , Staphylococcal Infections/prevention & control , Staphylococcus aureus/radiation effects , Anti-Infective Agents , Low-Level Light Therapy/methods , Anti-Bacterial AgentsABSTRACT
The uniformity of blue LED array in jaundice treatment box is improved. The mathematical model of illumination uniformity algorithm for inner and outer LED arrays layout is established. Taking the actual size of blue light board in jaundice treatment box as an example, the optimal illumination uniformity with best LED arrays layout are obtained through programming iteration and simulation verification. The uniformity of blue light LED improved 42.9 % comparing with tradition LED arrays.
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Humans , Computer Simulation , Jaundice , Light , LightingABSTRACT
@#AIM:To observe the changes of retinal and choroid tissue structure in SD rats exposed to blue light from 455nm-470nm array, and to analyze the relationship between irradiation time and tissue structure changes. <p>METHODS: Totally 24 healthy SD male rats of 6wk were selected and randomly divided into normal control group(<i>n</i>=6)and experimental group(<i>n</i>=18). The normal control group was fed for 6wk without any intervention. The experimental group was divided into three groups, which were exposed to the array blue light emitting apparatus(455nm-470nm, 391Lx)for 3, 6 and 12h each day for 6wk.<p>RESULTS: The fundus tissue structure was intact and the cell morphology was normal in the control group. With the extension of blue light irradiation time, the choroid fiber connective tissue of rats in all experimental groups presented hyaline changes, local loose edema, proliferation of small blood vessels, thinning of pigment layer, thinning of cells, gradual reduction of the number of visual cells, and local disappearance. At 3h, the nucleus staining of the experimental group was clear, and no definite changes were observed in the bipolar cell layer and ganglion cell layer. In the 6h and 12h groups, nucleus pyknosis was observed, bipolar cell layer was mildly proliferated, and local cytoplasm was formed in the ganglion cell layer.<p>CONCLUSION: The photoreceptor cells of retina become thinner, atrophy and disappear with the extension of blue light irradiation time. There was no significant relationship between the injury of pigment epithelial cells and the prolonged exposure time of blue light.
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Objective To investigate the clinical effect of facial dermabrasion by microcrystal combined with red blue light in the treatment of acne pitting scar.Methods Selected from June 2013 to April 2016 hospital dermatology outpatients,98 cases of facial acne pitting scar were retrospectively analyzed,in which 50 cases of patients with facial acne dermabrasion were treated with red and blue light treatment (combined group),48 patients only choose facial acne dermabrasion treatment (control group),then treatment effect was compared between the two groups.Results At 3 months after operation,the ECCA score and mean sag depth of the two groups were significantly lower than those of the preoperative (t=23.208 and 18.586,P＜0.001).The ECCA score of the combined group was significantly lower than that of the control group (t=7.039,P＜0.05);The healing rate was 80％,which was significantly higher than those in the control group (56.25％) (x2 =6.387,P＜0.05);after 1 months and 3 months;the subjective satisfaction scores of the patients in the combined group were significantly higher than those in the control group (t=3.318 and 3.776,P＜0.05);Patients in the combined group were significantly earlier than the control group (t =4.419,P＜0.05);the incidence of edema and erythema was significantly lower in the combined group than in the control group (x2 =5.096,P＜0.05).Conclusions Facial acne dermabrasion by microcrystal combined with red and blue light treatment is superior to the single use of dermabrasion.